• Evidence shows that glial activation increases the expressio

  2024-08-23

  

  Evidence shows that glial activation increases the expression of cytokines and chemokines in Parkinson's disease, which precede the degeneration of the substance nigra (Halliday and Stevens, 2011, Tansey and Goldberg, 2010). The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (except aspirin) can preve

• br Author contributions br Financial disclosures br Acknowle

  2024-08-23

  

  Author contributions Financial disclosures Acknowledgements We thank Ms. Eva So for the editorial assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81622015, 81571042 and 81501143) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2

• Recent genome wide association studies have indicated

  2024-08-23

  

  Recent genome-wide association studies have indicated SORL1 as a risk factor for AD (Meng et al., 2007, Rogaeva et al., 2007, Wen et al., 2013). SORL1, is expressed in neurons (Yin et al., 2015) and also regulates APP traffic from the cell membrane to the Golgi apparatus. A reduction in its expressi

• The srd a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in

  2024-08-22

  

  The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in

• ASK belongs to the family of MAPKKK

  2024-08-22

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc

• APJ receptors have a amino acid sequence with a characterist

  2024-08-22

  

  APJ receptors have a 380 amino CRT 0066101 sequence with a characteristic G-protein structure, including seven transmembrane domains and post-translation modification sites for phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glycosylation along with association sites for β-arrestin (O'Dowd et al., 1993). APJ r

• Fungicidin It is now thought that

  2024-08-22

  

  It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB to condensed chromatin may not be restricted to apoptotic cells. That HMGB proteins might actually be involved in the organization and/or maintenance of heterochromatic regions is suggested by the results of experiments analyzing the stable binding of the

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the

  2024-08-21

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous system Conclusions and future perspectives Arachidonic glycoprotein iib iiia inhibitors and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their lipid metabolites, play very important roles in human health and disease. This review has outlined

• PFI-2 synthesis Based upon these findings the S lipoxygenase

  2024-08-21

  

  Based upon these findings, the 12S-lipoxygenase seems to increase membrane excitability by specifically inhibiting M-type K+ channels. The 12S-lipoxygenase is expressed in many parts of mammalian PFI-2 synthesis including the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, olfactory

• Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of the Pan

  2024-08-21

  

  Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of the Panax ginseng root, which contain many types of ginsenosides including Rb1, Rg1, Rc, and Rg3. The ginsenoside Rb1 appears to be the most abundant of the bioactive ginsenosides [15]. Rb1 exhibits antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxid

• Liaohe River situates in the southwestern

  2024-08-21

  

  Liaohe River situates in the southwestern part of Northeast China and flows through Liaoning Province. Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization, Liaohe River has become one of the most polluted rivers in China. Multitudinous organic pollutants that can induce toxicity to organisms such as

• agonists simulate norepinephrine NE in binding

  2024-08-21

  

  α2 agonists simulate norepinephrine (NE) in binding to presynaptic surface autoreceptors, which in turn mediates feedback inhibition of NE release. Another major control mechanism for noradrenergic neurotransmission is termination of signaling by presynaptic NE transporter (NET)-mediated NE reuptake

• ADORs accomplish a variety of

  2024-08-21

  

  ADORs accomplish a variety of physiological effects in different tissues. In neurons, ADORs regulate the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate (Ferré et al., 1992; Fredholm and Dunwiddie, 1988; Ginsborg and Hirst, 1972; Gonçalves et al., 2015; Quarta et al., 2004; Stella et al.

• br Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main

  2024-08-21

  

  Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main threat to mankind, with one third of the world population being infected. [9] Over nine million new cases of tuberculosis and two million deaths from this disease occur yearly worldwide. [10] The rising incidence of tuberculosis over the l

• Several studies have recently used optogenetics to

  2024-08-21

  

  Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selectively activate various cholinergic neurons (Jiang et al., 2014). However, most do not explicitly report direct release of GABA from cholinergic fibers, with the exception of our two studies described above (Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et 

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